Introduction

In recent decades, interventional radiology (IR) has emerged as a cornerstone of modern oncologic care, offering minimally invasive, image-guided therapies that complement or, in some cases, replace traditional surgical and systemic treatments. As cancer care becomes increasingly multidisciplinary, IR has positioned itself at the intersection of diagnostic precision and targeted therapy, delivering personalised treatment options with reduced morbidity and shorter recovery times.

Advances in imaging technologies, catheter-based techniques, and ablative modalities have significantly expanded the role of interventional radiology (IR) in oncology. From percutaneous tumour ablation and trans-arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) to radioembolisation and image-guided biopsies, IR has reshaped the therapeutic landscape across various malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal liver metastases, renal tumours, and lung cancers.

Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence, real-time navigation systems, and theranostics is pushing the boundaries of what is possible, paving the way for more precise, efficient, and patient-centred interventions.

In this review, we highlight three recent clinical studies, each demonstrating the growing role of IR in oncology care. Each study illustrates how IR is advancing not only in technical precision but also in its real-world impact across the entire spectrum of cancer care. At the end of each summary, our expert panel shares clinical insights and commentary on the findings.
 

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Precision Ablation: Cryotherapy vs Radiofrequency for Renal Masses, Three Years ON

We review a study by Cabonara & Ditonno et al., which evaluated oncologic outcomes of cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation for small renal masses in a large, international, multicentre cohort.   

CT-Guided Cryoablation for Breast Cancer: A Minimally Invasive, Image-Guided Approach

Minimally invasive therapies are gaining traction in breast cancer management. This single-centre retrospective study by Vogl and Biefeldt et al. evaluated CT-guided, liquid nitrogen-based cryoablation in 45 patients to assess its safety and efficacy. 

The Promise of Cryoablation in Palliative Care: Minimally Invasive Solutions for Bone Metastases Pain

In this multicentre, prospective study, Jennings & Prologo et al. reviewed the effectiveness of cryoablation for palliating painful bone metastases in patients unresponsive to standard therapies.

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